Describe Industrialization After The Civil War In The US - 1100 Words

Describe Industrialization After The Civil War In The US (Term Paper Sample) Content: Effects of Industrialization after the Civil War in the United StatesStudents NameCourseProfessors NameInstitutionDateIntroductionAfter the Civil War, the United States became a much more industrialized society. Even though industrialization has created problems for the American society, several improvements in the U.S economy, politics and society have been influenced by industrialization between 1865 and 1920. This paper examines the effects of industrialization on society, economy, and politics. A discussion of three groups affected by industrialization is provided. Also, the paper talks about the influence of industrialization on average working American.Aspects of IndustrializationThe three aspects that characterized the industrialization in U.S during 1865 and 1920 revolve around economy, politics, and society. To start with, the American economy experienced changes attributed to the industrial revolution in the United States. During this period there was increa sed productivity arising from the growth of businesses and increased development of factories. Also, there was increased utilization of machines that increased productivity contributing to the rampant growth of factories and business operations which gradually improved the economy ("Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution [ushistory.org]," n.d.). Additionally, the high number of immigrants who were a source of labor stipulated the growth in business and factories. Besides, Boyer et al., (2013) articulate that there was the development of mergers and monopolies which controlled competition and increased prices of products and services. To sum it up, the increased productivity, growth of business and development of industries were significant factors contributing to economic changes during the industrialization period of U.S between 1865 and 1920.Politics was another aspect that faced changes during the industrialization period. One of the political changes. First, economi c growth drove the United States in becoming as strong political power. Legislation such as tariffs and taxes were introduced to control business operations. Notably, during this period laissez-faire policy of the government was established. The government allowed business owners to make decisions on prices, demand, and supply. Also, the government officials have superior control over most of the large companies, and thus political corruption was evident ("Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution [ushistory.org]," n.d.). Embezzlement of government resources was present, and the government officials supported the rich to get business contracts through bribes. Consequently, the gap between the poor and the rich widened.Finally, the society experienced changes relating to urbanization and population growth. There was a revolution of the American society from an agrarian society to a more industrialized society. This led to people migrating to urban areas in pursuit of job op portunities at the factories. Consequently, there was high population growth in cities and eventually social issues arising from overpopulation were present (Conlin, 2013). These issues include inadequate housing, poor working conditions, crime, and unhealthy living environment exposing the society to health risks.Groups Affected by IndustrializationSeveral groups were affected by industrialization. This section discusses the following groups; women and children, immigrants, and Native American. After the Civil War, women evolved from being housewives to working at factories. One of the significant changes that women faced is the empowerment of their rights and freedom advocated by women reform groups and unions. Women were allowed to vote during the industrialization period and allowed to work contradicting their situation before the civil war. However, the women were exploited since they were working for long hours and would get a lower pay compared to men. Furthermore, the child ren were allowed to work in the factories which were viewed as exploitation of child labor due to their low wages (Conlin, 2013). Essentially, both women and children were exposed to poor working conditions at a lower pay.Secondly, immigrants were affected during the industrialization period. According to Conlin (2013), during this industrialization period, there was a high growth of immigrants from central, southern, and east Europe among other locations into the United States. They fled to the United States in pursuit of jobs and worked at the factories and the railroad's constructions. Immigrants provided the great source of labor which contributed to the growth of factories and business in the U.S. Immigrants faced discrimination and exploitation through lower wages. The Chinese were taxed for working in gold mines during the Gold Rush. Besides, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was enacted to prevent further Chinese immigrants into the U.S for ten years (Boyer et al., 2013). Al so, due to the high population growth of immigrants into urban areas, social issues uprising from overcrowding were felt such as inadequate housing.Lastly, the Native Americans were affected by the changes arising from industrialization. Industrialization contributed to the growth of urban centers and construction of railroads. For this reason, the land was inadequate forcing the eviction of Native Americans from their native land to other parts of the country. The growth of factories, coal mines, and other business activities created the demand for land for expansion of these sectors (Conlin, 2013).Effec...

How J.B. Priestley Creates Sympathy for Eva Smith in An Inspector Calls - Literature Essay Samples

In An Inspector Calls, J.B. Priestley uses the characters and attitudes of the Birling family, especially Mr. Birling, to make the audience feel sympathy for Eva Smith. The family is prosperous and comfortable, and Mr. Birlings ostentatious posturing emphasizes their good fortune. In the opening lines of the play, he is found discussing port with Gerald, immediately giving the audience a sense of the familys financial security. When Mr. Birling tells Gerald and Eric that a man should look after his own, and not listen to the cranks who talk about community and all that nonsense, it becomes obvious that he has no interest in the welfare of people like Eva Smith. By making Mr. Birling so arrogant and pompous, JB Priestley renders his character deeply unattractive and encourages the reader to sympathize with his oppressed workforce.The entry of the Inspector causes a dramatic shift in the plays atmosphere, drawing attention to his shocking news. He almost immediately announces that Eva Smith has died in the infirmary after swallowing strong disinfectant that burnt her inside out. This language provides a striking contrast to the familys previous conversation, where things were implied, but never directly stated. The Inspector does not use euphemisms to shield the family from the unpleasant images, but says that Eva died in great agony. Especially in juxtaposition with the comfortable atmosphere and obvious wealth displayed earlier in the play, the Inspectors vivid description of Eva Smiths suffering captures the attention and pity of the audience.Mr. and Mrs. Birlings uncooperative responses to the Inspectors questioning increase both the audiences feelings of distaste towards the Birlings and their sympathy for Eva Smith. Mr. Birlings initial response to Evas death is an impatient yes, yes. Horrid business, and even that is said more out of social convention than any real dismay. He sees the Inspectors questioning as a rude intrusion on his personal time, and is convinced that there is nothing scandalous about this business, as far as he is concerned. He seems to think that he is above the law, telling the Inspector that he doesnt like his tone. He also repeatedly tells the Inspector that he doesnt think these events are any concern of his. Mr. Birling tries to intimidate the Inspector by telling him about the close friendship he shares with the chief constable, and then to settle it sensibly in other words, to try to solve the problem with money. Mrs. Birling also tries to intimidate the Inspector, albeit in a more subtle manner than her husband. Mrs. Birling calls his investigation absurd, and says that he is conducting it in a rather peculiar and offensive manner. She reminds him of her husbands powerful position in society, as if this absolves the family from any need to cooperate with the Inspector. Mr and Mrs. Birlings attitude towards the investigation only increases the audiences sympathy for Eva Smith. It turns the play into a str uggle between their viewpoint, and that of the Inspector. This conflict encourages the audience to side with Eva Smith, and with the working classes in general. The Birling familys refusal to accept responsibility also gives the audience a glimpse of the abuse that Eva suffered at the hands of those in positions of power.The story of exactly what happened to Eva Smith unfolds throughout Act One, as the audience learns that each of the Birlings has hurt her in a different way. First, the audience learns that eighteen months before her suicide, Mr. Birling dismissed her from her job because shed had far too much to say on the subject of her unfair wages. Later, it emerges that Sheila had her sacked from Milwards, mainly because she was in a furious temper and jealous of Eva. Eva is described as a lively good-looking girl, country bred, and a good worker, and by Sheila as someone who looked like she could take care of herself. These personal details show the audience that Evas death wa s a tragic waste. While questioning the Birlings, the Inspector repeatedly reminds them of her gruesome death, saying that she wasnt very pretty when I saw her today. The contrast between the Birlings description of Eva and the Inspectors account of what was left of her in the infirmary emphasizes how thoroughly the Birlings have destroyed her life.One detail in particular rouses the audiences sympathy towards Eva Smith: the fact she had to change her name. The Birlings use their family name as well as Gerald Crofts to try to intimidate the Inspector. To them, these names guarantee wealth, respect, and a place in upper-class society. Evas situation starkly contrasts with this: the fact that she can so easily change her name shows that she possesses nothing, and has nobody to help her. To people like the Birlings, she is just one of so many girls that keep on changing, and her name is irrelevant.Another way that Priestley reveals the misery of Eva Smiths short life is by contrasting it with the happy, protected existence of Sheila Birling, who is about the same age as Eva. Sheila is shallow, childish, and naive. She calls her dad mean for sacking Eva Smith, and exclaims that girls like Eva are people, as if she has never really thought about such things before. These characteristics are intended to show what a sheltered life Sheila has led. While Sheila is poised to marry a rich and respected young man about town and will never be expected to work a day in her life, at the time of her death Eva had already been sacked from two jobs, and had fended for herself for several years. At several points throughout the play, Sheilas parents try to send her away so that she will not be shocked by the details of the investigation. This only clarifies the double standard present in this situation: the Birlings expect working-class girls to experience things that they do not want their daughter to even hear about. By drawing attention to Sheilas privileged lifestyle, Evas l ife is made to seem even more pitiful.

Spanish Phrases Referring to Parts of the Body

In Spanish, you can open your ears as well as your eyes, and something that fits perfectly is like a ring on a finger instead of a glove on a hand. The language has hundreds of phrases and colloquial expressions that include the names of body parts. Here are some of the most common or interesting; each phrase below is followed by a literal translation and then a common English translation followed by a sample sentence. Note that many of the sentence translations are not literal. Brazo (Arm) dar el brazo a torcer (to give ones arm to be turned) — to give up, to be persuaded — Era el equipo que no dio el brazo a torcer en busca del gol. (It was the team that never gave up in pursuit of the goal.)nacer con un pan bajo el brazo (to be born with a loaf of bread under the arm) — to be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth — La hija de los actores nacerà ¡ con un pan bajo el brazo. (The actors daughter will be born with a silver spoon in her mouth.) Cabeza (Head) andar de cabeza (to be heady) — to be busy, to have a full plate — Solo son las 11 de la maà ±ana y ya ando de cabeza. (Its only 11 a.m. and already Im swamped with plenty to do.)andar mal de la cabeza (to be bad in the head) — to be crazy, to not think straight — Creo que yo no soy el que anda mal de la cabeza. (I know Im not the one who needs my head examined.)cabeza frà ­a (cool head) — said of someone who remains calm or rational — La expulsià ³n del jugador es totalmente justificada. Nunca tiene la cabeza frà ­a. (The players expulsion is totally justified. Hes always a hot head.)cabeza hueca (hollow head) — said of someone stupid — La persona de madurez no tiene la cabeza hueca. (The mature person isnt an air head.) One common synonym is cabeza de chorlito, equivalent of the English bird brain. Other synonyms include cabeza de melà ³n (melon head) and cabeza de calabaza (pumpkin head). Cerebro (Brain) cerebro de mosquito (mosquito brain) — bird brain, stupid person — Parece que tu cerebro de mosquito no te deja comprender lo que yo escribà ­.  (It seems that your bird brain doesnt let you understand what I wrote you.)cerebro gris (gray brain) — someone who is in charge behind the scenes. — El profesor niega ser el cerebro gris del presidente. (The professor denies being the hidden brains behind the president.)lavar el cerebro (to wash the brain) — to brainwash, although the Spanish term doesnt always come across as pejorative as the English one — Me lavà ³ el cerebro y me convencià ³ de irnos a festejar Aà ±o Nuevo. (She brainwashed me and convinced me to go with her to celebrate New Years.) Codo (Elbow) codo con codo, codo a codo (elbow to elbow) — side by side; in cooperation with others — Estudiaron codo a codo por una hora. (They studied together for an hour.)empinar el codo, levantar de codo (to lift ones elbow) — to drink alcoholic beverages — Despuà ©s de la pesca, empinaron el codo y se durmieron. (After fishing, they drank a few and fell asleep.) Dedo (Finger) chuparse el dedo (to suck ones thumb) — to be naive, foolish or unknowledgeable; to see someone else as such — No me digas que tu perro comià ³ tus tareas.  ¡No me chupo el dedo! (Dont tell me the dog ate your homework. I wasnt born yesterday!)como anillo al dedo (like a ring on a finger) — perfectly timed or perfectly suitable for the situation — La oportunidad vino como anillo al dedo. (The opportunity came to me at the perfect time.)no tener dos dedos de frente (to not have two fingers of a forehead; the phrase comes from a time when it was believed that the size and shape of the forehead was an indicator of intelligence) — to be stupid, to be as smart as a fence post, to not be the sharpest tool in the shed, etc. — El que se crea eso no tiene dos dedos de frente. (Whoever believes that isnt very bright.)sin mover un dedo (without moving a finger) — without lifting a finger — Es posible tener à ©xito en los negocios sin m over un dedo. (It is possible to be successful in business without lifting a finger.)tapar el Sol con un dedo (to hide the sun with ones finger) — to ignore reality, to bury ones head in the sand — Tapa el sol con el dedo cuando trata de defender lo indefendible. (Hes ignoring reality when he tries to defend the indefensible.) Espalda (Back) cubrir las espaldas (to cover someones back) — to protect someone, to have someones back — Te cubro las espaldas. Todo està ¡ bajo control. (I have your back. Everything is under control.)volver la espalda (to turn ones back) — to turn ones back — No me respondià ³ antes me volvià ³ la espalda. (He did not answer me before turning his back on me.) Nariz (Nose or Nostril) darle en la nariz (to be given in the nose) — to be suspicious — Me da en la nariz que la respuesta de mi padre es no. (I have a suspicion that my fathers answer is no.)no ver mà ¡s allà ¡ de sus narices (to not see beyond ones nostrils) — to not see beyond the end of ones nose — Esta generacià ³n de polà ­ticos no ve mà ¡s allà ¡ de sus narices e intereses. (This generation of politicians cant see beyond their noses and own interests.) Oà ­do (Ear) abrir los oà ­dos (to open ones ears) — to pay attention — Los escolares abren los oà ­dos al cambio climà ¡tico. (Scholars are paying attention to climate change.)entrarle por un oà ­do y salirle por el otro (to go in one ear and out the other) — to go in one ear and out the other — Las palabras de su hermano le entraron por un oà ­do y le salieron por el otro, sin afectarla en absoluto (Her brothers words went in one ear and out the other without affecting her in the least.)prestar oà ­do (to lend an ear) — to pay attention — Elena no prestaba oà ­do a las disculpas. (Elena didnt pay attention to the excuses.) Ojo (Eye) costar un ojo de la cara (to cost an eye from ones face) — to cost an arm and a leg — Viajar al oriente del paà ­s te costarà ¡ un ojo de la cara. (Traveling to the eastern part of the country will cost you an arm and a leg.)echar un ojo (to throw a look) — to take a look — Vamos a echar un ojo a lo que dice. (Were going to take a look at what hes saying.)en el ojo del huracà ¡n (in the eye of the hurricane ) — in the center of a controversy, in the center of the storm — Le diseà ±adora està ¡ en el ojo del huracà ¡n por la extrema delgadez de sus modelos. (The designer is in the hot seat because of the extreme thinness of her models.)tener ojo de lince (to have a lynx eye) — to have good vision, literally or figuratively; to have eagle eyes — Nuestro contador tiene ojo de lince para detectar pequeà ±as  irregularidades. (Our accountant has eagle eyes for finding tiny irregularities.) Pecho (Chest, Breasts) dar pecho, dar el pecho (to give the breast) — to breastfeed —  ¿Necesitan proteccià ³n institucional las mujeres que dan el pecho en pà ºblico? (Do women who breastfeed in public need institutional protection?)tener un corazà ³n que no le cabe en el pecho (to have a heart too big to fit in his/her chest) — to be big-hearted or generous — En mà ¡s de una ocasià ³n ha demostrado que tiene un corazà ³n que no le cabe en el pecho. (More than once she has shown herself to be very generous.) Pie y Cabeza (Foot and Head) de pies a cabeza (from feet to head) — from head to toe — Mi hijo està ¡ tatuado de pies a cabeza con varios diseà ±os. (My son is tattooed from head to toe with various designs.)sin pies ni cabeza (without feet nor head) — making no sense; without rhyme or reason — El puente a ninguna parte es un proyecto sin pies ni cabeza. (The bridge to nowhere is a senseless project.) Pierna (Leg) dormir a pierna suelta (to sleep with a leg that is free to move; the phrase comes from the days when prisoners would sleep better if their legs werent chained to prevent escape) — to sleep like a log — Nuestro bebà © dormà ­a a pierna suelta y no se despertà ³ nunca por el ruido. (Our baby slept like a log and never woke up because of the noise.)hacer piernas (to do legs) — to get exercise — Hace 15 aà ±os, cuando empecà © a entrenar, me dije, No necesito hacer piernas porque ya tengo mà ºsculos muy grandes. (Fifteen years ago, when I began training, I told myself, I dont need to exercise because I already have big muscles.)

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain - 830 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck, a white boy, plays tricks on Jim, a slave, symbolizing that Huck had no respect for slaves and blacks. As the novel progresses, Huck starts to see Jim as a human rather than property, which makes the book interesting, because of Huck’s change in morals. For instance chapter 31 he was questioning whether he should turn Jim in â€Å" It would get around, that Huck Finn helped a nigger to get his freedom; and if I ever see anybody from that town, I’d be ready to get down and lick his boots for shame.†(199, Twain). Although Huck feels that it is his duty to help Jim, he questions his own intentions many time. Throughout the novel, Huck struggles between what he thinks is morally right and what society tells him is right. Twain constructs a parallelism between Huck’s enslavement from his abusive father and Jim’s enslavement due to slavery and, this upsets many people such as Julius Lester, â€Å"A boy held captive by a drunken father is not in the same category of human experience as a manShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. 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Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. 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Cuba A Profile Essay example - 1092 Words

Known for its beauty, extravagant tourist’s attractions, and quality cigars, the Caribbean island of Cuba, a totalitarian communist state, is a multiracial society with a population of mainly Spanish and African origin. The nation is officially known as the Republic of Cuba; it consists of the Island of Cuba, the Isle of Youth and some adjacent small islands. Cuba lies just ninety miles south of Key West, Florida; therefore its climate is subtropical or temperate. The average minimum temperature is 70 °f, the average maximum 81 °f (Fast). The trade winds and sea breezes make coastal areas more habitable than temperature would allow. Cuba has a ‘dry season’ between November to April and a ‘wet season’ between May and October (Kapcia).†¦show more content†¦Snakes and other poisonous reptiles are captured and kept as household pets. Cuba is also home to more than 11 million people of diverse races and backgrounds. According to the 2002 Census, 65.1% of the population is white, 24.8% is mixed, and 10.1% is black. The female population is about 5,580,500 while the male population is around 5,597,233. Cuba is the most populated country in the Caribbean (Fast). The country’s valued heritages have been passed down from their ancestors. Its diversified culture is a mixture of customs of the African and Spanish backgrounds. The nation was first discovered by the Spanish in 1492. The official language of Cuba is Spanish; however, many people who live there also speak English German, French, Russian, Portuguese and Italian. Like its population, Cuba also has a many types of religions, making it a very cultural place. A blend of native African religions and Roman Catholicism, are widely practiced there. The largest organized religion is the Roman Catholic Church. Officially, Cuba has been an atheist state for most of the Castro era (Landis). 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Growing Up In A Single-Parent Family - 664 Words

Growing Up In A Single-Parent Family With the divorce rate as high as it is, more and more children are growing up in single-parent families. Ideally, it is better for children to live with their mom and dad happily married; however, children who grow up in single-parent households can still be well- adjusted children, teenagers, and adults. Although there are always exceptions to every rule, for the most part, children who grow up in single-parent working households are more mature, realistic and independent. First, in a single-parent working family, children tend to be more mature. The children are more mature because they often have to be responsible for themselves. For example, if their†¦show more content†¦Children in this environment are also capable of dealing with different situations. For example, they are aware of how to deal with emergencies without mom or dad being there to help them. Children are more mature in a single-parent working family because they need to be. 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Management Business Information Systems

Questions: Complete the following tasks and submit your answers as report. Make sure to follow the requirements and report structure mentioned below under a separate heading.As the business/IT consultant, you need to advise Catherine Siddothi on possibilities that would best suit the requirements. She will need advice on what types of information systems can help the business and how the introduction of information systems will impact the business. You need to write a report which should cover the following tasks: 1. Define information systems; explain how they work; and describe their benefits for business. What types of information systems could be used to support PMF? 2. Explain how these information systems could help PMF in managing the business. How will the introduction of information systems affect management decision making? 3. Use Porters Competitive Forces Model to explain how these information systems could be used to gain competitive advantages. 4. What are the information requirements of PMF? What business processes should PMF consider making computerised? Why? 5. Explain how collaboration and communication among key stakeholders could be supported using information systems. Explain the use of computer networks (intranets and extranets) and the Internet to serve their needs. 6. What management challenges will affect organisational change during the implementation of the computerised information system? 7. State and explain the security and ethical issues may arise from the introduction of information systems in the business? Answers: Introduction: In present situation, technological evolution has made information management system as an integral part of any businesses. With the increasing number of obstacles arising in the market place, every organization is also trying to implement different technologies so that they can able to gain competitive advantage in the market. The assignment also deals with a similar case study that illustrates the kind of challenges that a small business namely Pepper Mint Food (PMF) has to face in order to run it properly. The case study mentioned an entrepreneur namely Catherine Siddothi who started the Pepper Mint Food company on her own kitchen. From the beginning, the business has able to gain success with its unique foods and services. However, with the increasing size of business Catherine has facing many challenges regarding managing information and communicate with all the employees in the company. The assignment will critically analyze how the introduction of information management system can help PMF to manage the business much more effectively. Information system: An information system is a system that assesses and analyzes business information, captured continuously form both internal and external sources of an organization. It is extremely crucial for the success of the organization. Timely information provide basis for making important business decisions such as pricing, packaging, media selection and distribution. Effective decision-making is extremely important, as it will help the company to counter any challenges from the market (Chang et al. 2013). The use of information system also helps the company to smoothen the communication process, which is extremely important to minimize work related confusion at the office premises. Types of information system for PMF: Even for a small size business like PMF, utilization of single system cannot help the organization to use all its information effectively (Abdelhak, Grostick and Hanken 2014). Since, a business has to maintain different kind of data in order to run its operations effectively. Pepper Mint Food also has to combination of different system in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, identification of information system is necessary for the company. PMF will also have to select information system based on two perspectives, functional and constituency. Functional perspective will help PMF to identify a system that will help to smooth the operation al function of the company. On the other hand, constituency will help to identify a system for the group of customers that the organization serves. In functional perspective, there are four types of information system such as sales and marketing information system, production and manufacturing information system, accounting and finance information system and human resource information system (Cordray et al. 2015). If PMF utilize these types of information system properly, it will definitely able to improve its existing operational process. There are four types of information system in constituency perspective as well that can play significant role in the success of PMF. These information systems are transaction processing system (TSS), management information system (MIS), decision support system (DSS), and executive support system (ESS). Utilization of information system: Sales and marketing information system: This information system can help PMF by identifying potential customers from the market. This information also can provide PMF an indication about the need of the potential customers (Haux et al. 2013). This is extremely crucial for PMF to capture major portion of the market, as this process can help the company to target its customer much more effectively. Production and manufacturing information system: It deals with the development and planning of the production system. Therefore, this system can enable PMF to control the flow of production. Hence, the system will increase the effective decision-making of Catherine Siddothi. Accounting and finance information system: This system will allow PMF to keep track of all the assets of the company. Therefore, it will make sure that all the assets of the company are utilizing to its fullest for the success of the organization (Power, Sharda and Burstein 2015). Account receivable system will help PMF to store important data of customers. Human resource information system (HRIS): It will help PMF to maintain records of its employees. However, PMF is working with six employees currently. Still, the company has to implement this system so that it can able to utilize all its resources properly. Transaction processing system (TSS): This basic information system will help PMF to maintain information regarding daily routine transaction that is necessary to conduct a business. It is important, as keeping a tract of daily task is very difficult without any information system. Management information system (MIS): The study already mentioned the kind of difficulties that Catherine Siddothi is facing to run its business properly (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Therefore, MIS system will help Catherine to analyze present and historical data of the company. So that she can able to plan and control her decision-making in such a way that will help PMF to grow in the existing market. Decision support system (DSS): This is a key system for any company for taking effective decision. Since, it analyzes the data in much more effective way. It will allow PMF to make decision so that the company can able to grow in the market. Executive support system (ESS): This system will allow PMF to minimize issues within the organizational system. Since, it allows to create an environment that will help Catherine Siddothi to take decisions much more effectively. Porters competitive forces model: This is arguably the most used model to analyze competitive advantage of a particular firm in the market (Lim 2013). The model highlighted five competitive forces that PMF has to consider to judge its position in the market. Traditional competitors: PMF obviously is not the only business that is providing pre-packaged meals in the town. Therefore, like any other organization, PMF also has to share the market with its competitors. New market entrants: The study has mentioned that a new competitor has already trying to grab the major portion of the market with utilization of new technology, which working as a competitive disadvantage form PMF. Substitute product and service: Almost in every industry, customers have many options from which they can choose the product they desire. Therefore, PMF has to keep a close look on the market in order to maintain its position. Figure 1: Porters competitive force model Customers: Customer is another major factor that decides the amount of competitive advantage a company has in the market (Van De Walle et al. 2014). PMF also has to introduce strategies in order to have more customers within the market. Suppliers: Suppliers also play a key role in gaining competitive advantage. Since, the more number of suppliers a company has greater the chances of competitive advantage in the market. Strategies to gain competitive advantage: Low-cost leadership strategy: Utilization of informational system will allow PMF to achieve minimum level of operational cost (Schwalbe 2015). For example, PMF can introduce a efficient customer response system that will directly link behavior of the customer to production and distribution of supply chain. Product differentiation strategy: Information system enhances customer convenience to enable product of PMF. For example, utilization information system will allow PMF to utilize strategies like individually tailored offering that will create a huge impact on the competitive advantage of PMF. Niche market: Information system will enable PMF to narrow their target better than its competitors. It will also support the strategy by providing data to analyze the way the company can actually able to gain the major share of the market. Information requirements of PMF: In order to maintain its position in the market, PMF will have to utilize available information in a structured way so that the company can able to gain competitive advantage in the market. Firstly, PMF will have to gather and store information about its internal process so that the company can perform its operation effectively. Internal information like employee details, employee pays, raw material cost, packaging cost, distribution cost of the company. This information is extremely crucial for the assessment of the company (Katz 2012). As it will allow PMF to understand its position in the market. The company also has to collect external information as well. External information like competitors information, market information is extremely crucial for a company to gain competitive advantage in the market. External information will also allow PMF to assess the strategies of the competitors so that it can able to counter it successfully. Business process for PMF: Before implementing an information system, PMF first have to identify the business process that the company will follow in near future in order to get competitive advantage in the market. Selection of business process is extremely crucial for the running a company effectively. The study mentioned that PMF is facing lot of difficulties to manage its activities properly. Therefore, Management process will best suits PMF, as it will allow the company to set goals and then plan, organize, direct and control the business process of the company (Davenport 2013). In addition, implementation of information system will also help the company to perform these processes properly. Figure 2: Management process PMF should also select management process as it can be computerized easily. Therefore, PMF will not have to spend too much time to understand this business process. Therefore, the implementation of the information system will not affect the productivity of the company. Use of computer networks for collaboration and communication among key stakeholders: In present situation, importance of internet cannot be ignored. Due to internet, competitions among the organization have become immense. Use of internet encouraged many businesses to enter into the market. However, internet also plays a significant role in developing businesses (Letellier and Eppich 2015). Since, it supports certain activities that allow more effective collaboration and communication of the stakeholders. The activities discussed as follows: The value chain model: It depicts specific activities in the company where competitive strategies can be applied where information system can have strategic impact most likely. The use of internet will allow PMF to perform a chain of activities that will enhance the value chain of the company. These activities can be categorized as a part of the value chain model. The performance of this activity can also create effective collaboration among the key stakeholders of the company. Figure 3: Industry value chain Primary activities: Use of internet in the information system will allow PMF relate production with the distribution. Therefore, it will allow the company to create a good bond with all its suppliers. It will also allow the activity like operation, sales and marketing of the company to work more properly. Support activities: Use of internet in the information system will also create opportunity for PMF to maintain a high quality internal infrastructure (Marchewka 2014). It will also allow PMF to manage its human resource, procurement and technology processes properly, which will help the company to increase the boding of the company with its internal stakeholders. Management challenges regarding implementation of the computerized information system: Implementation of computerized information system in a small business structure like PMF is not easy at all. The management of the company will have to face certain obstacles at the time of implementing computerized information system. Therefore, it is up to the management of PMF on how they deal with the challenges so that the company can able to achieve its desired objective. The challenges that the company may have to face described as follows: Job elimination: The major challenge that PMF has to face regarding implementation of information system is the employees fear that the new technology will make them obsolete. Therefore, the company might not need them at all (Deelman et al. 2015). Hence, the management of PMF first has to make everyone educate within the company about the exact reason of implementation of this new technology so that no misconception can able to arise in the workplace. Otherwise, the company might lose its productivity. Security breaches: This is another sever challenge that PMF have to face at the time of implementation of computerized information system. With evolution in technology, hackers are now can easily able to breach the information system of the company very easily. Therefore, it makes the confidential information vulnerable in front of them. Hence, PMF will have to create high security system can cannot easily be breached by the hackers. Security and ethical issues: As mentioned before, security of information is the major cause of concern for every company in present situation. Since, information breaches can actually create a huge amount impact on the businesses of the company. Therefore, it is necessary to keep maintain a high quality security level for the company. However, the company will have to make sure that in order to create a high quality security system; the company is actually following the ethical codes of information system. Otherwise, it might create a huge amount of negative impact on the businesses of the company (Feng, Siu and Zhang 2013). PMF also have to maintain four prime factors such as privacy, accuracy, access and property in order to maintain ethics of information system. Especially, PMF have to make sure that the information system of the company is maintaining the accuracy factor. Otherwise, the whole objective of implementing computerized information system might get lost in between the unethical practices. Conclusion: In modern days, information system has become an integral part of any businesses. Companies are keeping on trying to implement an information system that can give them the opportunity to gain competitive advantage in the market. In fact, many studies have established the fact that no company will able to remain competitive in the market without the utilization of proper information system. However, like any other technologies, information management system also comes with certain obstacles. Hence, it is up to the management of PMF to utilize the information system in such a way that it could able to gain competitive advantage in the market. References: Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S. and Hanken, M.A., 2014.Health information: management of a strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Borghoff, U.M. and Pareschi, R. eds., 2013.Information technology for knowledge management. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, C.J., Kuo, H.C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, T.H. and Chung, P.Y., 2013. Ergonomic Techniques for a Mobile E Invoice System: Operational Requirements of an Information Management System.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries,23(6), pp.582-589. Cordray, C., Link, D., Chart, R. and Ginter, K., Sciencelogic, Inc., 2015.Self configuring network management system. U.S. Patent 9,077,611. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Deelman, E., Vahi, K., Juve, G., Rynge, M., Callaghan, S., Maechling, P.J., Mayani, R., Chen, W., da Silva, R.F., Livny, M. and Wenger, K., 2015. Pegasus, a workflow management system for science automation.Future Generation Computer Systems,46, pp.17-35. Disterer, G., 2013. ISO/IEC 27000, 27001 and 27002 for information security management. Feng, D., Siu, W.C. and Zhang, H.J. eds., 2013.Multimedia information retrieval and management: Technological fundamentals and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Haux, R., Winter, A., Ammenwerth, E. and Brigl, B., 2013.Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Katz, R., 2012.Information management for engineering design. Springer Science Business Media. Letellier, R. and Eppich, R. eds., 2015.Recording, documentation and information management for the conservation of heritage places. Routledge. Lim, K., Nextlabs, Inc., 2013.Techniques of transforming policies to enforce control in an information management system. U.S. Patent 8,544,058. Marchewka, J.T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Power, D.J., Sharda, R. and Burstein, F., 2015.Decision support systems. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Van De Walle, B., Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S.R., 2014.Information systems for emergency management. Routledge. Willcocks, L., 2013.Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springer.